Pathological and non-pathological bodies
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Welcome to the home of pathologicalbodies.com

Pathological Bodies is now available as an A-Z colour atlas on Amazon. My 'Tissue sampling' webpages are also available in book form as 'Tissue processing: From patient to pathologist'.  

This website contains the largest web-based collection of pathological and non-pathological bodies and includes a search tool to assist you during
your visit. Of the hundreds of bodies listed, two thirds are related to disease processes whilst the remainder are non-pathological. Several of the bodies are non-human although some of the diseases may be transmissible to man.


During your visit, why not pop across to my 'Tissue sampling' website using the link above. These pages include chapters on the sampling of tissue, fixation and decalcification, tissue processing, embedding, section cutting and staining. Atlases of normal tissues and special stains are also available in the 'Staining' section together with links to educational resources for immunohistochemistry and bone marrow diagnosis. Also check out the 'Publications' tab for my international presentations and journal and web-based publications on topics such as large format tissue processing, the use of honey as a formalin substitute and the association of HPV with cancer of the bladder. 

I hope you enjoy your stay but why not follow me on Twitter @bodies4u and let me know what you think. I am always on the lookout for ways to improve my websites and am grateful to my Twitter followers who contribute to these pages. Please feel free to post a comment and have a great day!
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In histology, bodies are broadly classified into the following categories:

1. Naturally occurring body - a mass of matter found anatomically or physiologically in organs and tissues

2. Foreign body - a mass or entity that has been introduced from an external source.  In other words, any mass found in an organ or tissue in which it does not normally belong  

3. Inclusion body - an abnormal structure in a cell nucleus or cytoplasm having characteristic staining properties and usually associated with certain pathological conditions such as bacterial and fungal infections 

4. Viral inclusion body - abnormal structure that appears within the cell nucleus, the cytoplasm or both during the course of virus multiplication. These are generally concerned with the developmental processes of the infective virus.

​This home page contains an alphabetic list of all the bodies, each with a brief description. Clicking on the body of interest will redirect you to the appropriate page where images and more information can be found. Disease categories associated with these bodies can be located using the search tool. 

Following your visit to my website, why not pop across to the ‘Atlas of Medical Foreign Bodies’. Compiled by Dr Yale Rosen, a New York pulmonary pathologist, you can access it at​ https://t.co/tJ8RajYSlL

​
​The complete A-Z classification of bodies

ACETONE - See KETONE body

ACIDOPHIL -
See COUNCILMAN body

AFFIBODY - 
Engineered proteins able to bind to target proteins and peptides

AGGRESOME - Age-related neurodegenerative diseases


ALCOHOLIC HYALINE - See MALLORY body

ALDER - See ALDER-REILLY body

ALDER-REILLY –
Found in storage diseases such as Hurler’s syndrome (gargoylism)

ALKAPTON - 
Dark accumulations found in the urine of patients with alkaptonuria (ochronosis)

ALLISON-GHORMLEY - Found in lymphocyte aggregates in rheumatoid arthritis


ALPHA 1 ANTITRYPSIN - Found in chronic liver disease in patients deficient in alpha 1 antitrypsin

AMYGDALOID - Almond-shaped structure in the brain involved with behaviour

AMYLOID - Corpora amylacea, age related

ANOCOCCYGEAL - Musculotendinous structure near the coccyx

ANTIBODY - Small proteins produced by plasma cells that are part of the immune system

AORTIC - Located in the aorta, they help to control ventilation (also see CAROTID body)

APOPTOTIC - Consequence of cell death which may be physiological or pathological

ARANTIUS - One of three nodules in the aortic and pulmonary valves

ARAO-PERKINS - Found in the dermal papillae of hair follicles

ARMANNI-EBSTEIN - Diabetic ketoacidosis


ASBESTOS - Asbestosis

ASCHOFF - Rheumatic fever

ASTEROID - Sporotrichosis

ASTEROID-SCHAUMANN - Diseases such as sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and leprosy

AUER - Leukaemia

BABES-ERNST - Rich in phosphorus and found in bacteria and fungi

BABES-NEGRI - See NEGRI body

BALBIANI - Membrane-less structure in the cytoplasm of oocytes

BAMBOO - Asbestos-type disease

BANANA - Ochronosis

BARR - Sex chromatin found in female cells

BASAL - Modified centriole found in motile cells

BIELSCHOWSKY - Status marmoratus, a form of cerebral palsy

BIONDI - Aging

BIRBECK - Histiocytosis X

BLUE - Lung diseases such as pneumonia and asbestosis

BOLLINGER - Fowlpox

BORRELL - Fowlpox

BRACHT-WACHTER - Yellow spots in the myocardium in infective endocarditis

BRASSY - Malaria

BULL’S EYE - Target red cells found in blood and liver disease. Also in adenocarcinoma cells in malignant effusions

BUNINA - Motor neurone disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

BUSCAINO - Artefacts of white matter produced by reaction between formalin and myelin. Also known as Grynfellt body


BUSCHINO -
Tissue cracks caused by prolonged immersion in formalin
. Also see Buscaino body above

CABOT’S RING - Severe anaemia

CAJAL - Nuclear organelles found in active cells


CALCAREOUS - Basophilic bodies found in helminths

CALCIFIC - 

Dystrophic calcification


CALL-EXNER - Granulosa cell tumours of the ovary  

CARDIOAORTIC - See AORTIC body

CAROTID - Found in the carotid artery and helps to control ventilation (also see AORTIC body)

CATERPILLAR - Porphyria cutanea tarda

CAVERNOUS -Vascular structures of anal cavity and erectile tissues

CELL -
The nerve cell or neurone

CHARCOT-BOTTCHER - Found in Sertoli cells of the testis

CHARCOT-LEYDEN - Crystalline bodies found in sputa in patients with asthma

CHROMAFFIN - Also known as paraganglion and present in the adrenal and liver

CHROMATOID - Entamoeba histolytica

CHROMOPHILOUS - See NISSL body

CIGAR - See ASTEROID body

CILIARY - These release aqueous humour in the eye

CITRON - Associated with clostridium septicum infections


CIVATTE - Lichen planus

CLARKE - Alveolar sarcoma of the breast


CLEAVAGE - See NUCLEAR body

COCCOID X - Psittacosis

COCCYGEAL - See LUSCHKA body

COILED - See CAJAL body

COLLAR - Sticky, funnel-shaped cells that line the inner cavity of sponges

COLLOID - See CIVATTE body

COMMA-SHAPED - Located in the nephron of the kidney

CONCHOID - See SCHAUMANN body

COPPER PENNY - See SCLEROTIC body
​
CORPORAL - see CAVERNOUS body

COUNCILMAN - Yellow fever, viral hepatitis

COWDRY - Herpes and poliovirus

CREOLA - Asthma

CRESCENT - Achromocytes - transparent (glass) bodies of red blood cells with crescent margins

CROOKE’S HYALINE - Addison's disease, Cushing syndrome

CRYSTALLINE - Granulomatous and other disease

CURVILINEAR - 
Worm-like, lysosomal structures found in several diseases

CYTOID - Systemic lupus, diabetes

DAVIDSON - Nuclear chromatin buds found in female neutrophils

DEMILUNE - See CRESCENT body

DENSE - Secretory organelles found in platelets in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome

DOHLE - Found in infections, poisoning and chemotherapy

DONNE - Modified fat-containing leucocyte found in colostrums

DONOVAN - Granuloma inguinale

DRUSEN - Optic nerve head drusen and age-related macular degeneration


DUTCHER - Multiple myeloma, lymphoma

DUTCHER-FAHEY - See DUTCHER body


EHRLICH - See HEINZ body

ELEMENTARY - Non-replicating infectious particle of Chlamydia (also see RETICULATE body)

ELSCHNIG - Pearl-like clusters of epithelial cells on the lens of the eye in post-operative cataract patients

EMBRYOID - Germ cell tumours

ENIGMATIC - Complex lysosomes found in the pituitary gland

EOSINOPHILIC INCLUSION - See GOTTLIEB and MELAMED-WOLINSKA bodies


EPITHELIOID -
See AORTIC body


FARBER - Farber's disease, a disorder of lipid metabolism

FARDEAU-ENGEL - Peripheral neuropathies

FAT - Nutritional reservoirs of fat found mainly in insects and amphibians

FERRUGINOUS -
See ASBESTOS body

FESSAS - Thalassemia

FIBRIN - Pleural effusion, pneumothorax

FIBROUS - Pituitary adenomas

FINGERPRINT - Fingerprint body myopathy


FLEMMING - Found in phagocytes and germinal centres of lymph glands

FRUITING - Reproductive mass in fungi and bacteria. Pathogenic to animals

FUCHSIN - See RUSSELL body

GALL - Lipid-filled lysosomes found in lymphocytes

GAMNA-FAVRE - Chlamydia trachomatis (Lymphogranuloma venereum)

GAMNA-GANDY - Cirrhosis

GASTRIC - The corpus gastricum, the body of stomach situated between the pylorus and fundus

GENICULATE - Four small masses of thalamus linked to hearing and sight

GIANNUZZI -
Crescent-shaped patches of serous cells in mucous glands. Also see CRESCENT body

GLASS - See CRESCENT body

GLOBOID - Krabbe’s disease (leucodystrophy)

GLOMUS - Glomus tumours

GOLGI - Flattened membrane sacs in the cytoplasm of cells

GOLGI-MAZZONI - Sensory nerve endings in the fingertips

GOTTLIEB - Cytoplasmic inclusions of benign naevi

GRYNFELLT - See BUSCAINO body


GUARNIERI - Smallpox

GUPTA - Actinomycosis


GW - 
S
torage and degradation sites for messenger RNA, often associated with primary biliary cirrhosis

HABENULAR - Group of nuclei in the thalamus where the pineal gland attaches to the brain

HAEMATOXYLIN - Systemic lupus

HALBERSTAEDTER-VON PROWAZEK -
Chlamydia trachomatis

HAMAZAKI-WESENBERG - Granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis


HAP (HETEROGENOUS RIBONUCLEO-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN) - see NUCLEAR body

HARTING - Formed during calcification of cerebral capillaries

HASSALL - Swirls of epithelial cells in the thymus gland

HASSALL-HENLE – Associated with degenerative change, chronic inflammation and the aging process

HECTOID - Sickle cell anaemia

HEINZ - Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

HEINZ-EHRLICH - See HEINZ body

HEMISPHERICAL - Glaucoma, retinal detachment

HENDERSON-PATTERSON - Molluscum contagiosum

HENSEN - Found in the outer hair cells of the inner ear

HERRING - Neurosecretory mass found in the pituitary gland
 

HETEROGENOUS RIBONUCLEO-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (HAP) - See NUCLEAR body


HIGHMORE - Fibrous mass of the testis

HIRANO - Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease


HISTONE LOCUS - See NUCLEAR body

HOWELL-JOLLY - Found in patients with dysfunctional or absent spleens

HYALINE - Optic nerve head drusen, myopathy

HYALOID - See VITREOUS body

INFRAPATELLAR FAT - Fat pad occupying the area between the ligament and synovium of the knee joint

INFUNDIBULAR - Funnel-shaped body connecting the hypothalamus of the brain with the pituitary

INITIAL - See RETICULATE body

INTERRENAL - Tissue between the kidneys of fishes that corresponds with the adrenal in mammals

JAWORSKI - Spiral mucous bodies seen in gastric secretions in hyperchlorhydria

JOEST -
See JOEST-DEGEN body

JOEST-DEGEN - Borna disease of warm-blooded animals

JUXTARESTIFORM - Part of the inferior cerebellar peduncle (also see RESTIFORM body)



KAMINO - Spitz naevus and malignant melanoma

KERATIN - See FIBROUS bodies


KETONE - Compounds made by the liver in metabolism of fat

KIMMELSTIEL-WILSON
- 
N
odular glomerulosclerosis of diabetic patients

KOCH or KOCH'S BLUE- East coast fever of cattle, sheep and goats

KURLOFF - Blood cell granules found in guinea pig infections

LAFORA - Lafora body disease, a metabolic storage disorder

LALLEMAND - Multiple myeloma, macroglobulinaemia

LAMELLAR - MALT lymphoma, haemangioma (also see ODLAND body)

LEISHMAN-DONOVAN - Leishmaniasis (also known as Kala Azar and Dum Dum fever)

LEVINTHAL-COLES-LILLIE -
Psittacosis

LEWY - Dementia with Lewy bodies

LINDNER - Inclusion conjunctivitis of the newborn

LINDNER INITIAL - See LINDNER body

LIPSCHULTZ -
Herpes simplex virus Type A

LISCH - 
Yellow-brown nodules of the iris in patients with type 1 neurofibromatosis and Watson syndrome

LOOSE - Fragments of bone or cartilage in the joint space and also fatty masses in the peritoneum 

LUSCHKA - The coccygeal body located adjacent to the coccyx

LUSE - Rheumatoid disease, schwannoma

LUYS - The subthalamic nuclei, part of the basal ganglia system

LYMPHOCYTOID - See LYMPHOGLANDULAR body

LYMPHOGLANDULAR - Found in cells of lymphoid origin


LYSSA - Poorly defined inclusions found in nerve cells and associated with rabies (also see Negri bodies)

MACCALLUM -
Warty plaques of the heart in patients with rheumatic heart disease 

MALLORY - Alcohol-related liver disorders and Wilson’s disease

MALLORY-DENK - Chronic hepatitis C

MALPIGHIAN –
The renal corpuscle, part of the nephron of the kidney

MAMILLARY - Pair of tissue masses in the hypothalamus

MARCHAL - Cell inclusion bodies in mousepox (infectious viral ectromelia)

MARINESCO - Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease

MASSON - Pneumonia

MEDLAR - See SCLEROTIC body


MELAMED-WOLINSKA - Non-specific cytoplasmic inclusions of urothelial cells

MELON SEED - Small, fibrous bodies often seen in tuberculous tenosynovitis

MICHAELIS-GUTMANN - Malakoplakia

MID - See FLEMMING body

MIYAGAWA - Lymphogranuloma venereum

MOLLUSCUM - See HENDERSON-PATTERSON body


MOOSER - See NEILL-MOOSER body

MOTT -
Cells containing Russell bodies in myeloma, plasmacytoma and inflammation

MULBERRY - Fabry disease 


MULTILAMELLAR - Tropical spastic paraparesis (human T-lymphotropic virus)

MULTIVESICULAR - Circular organelles formed by budding of the cell membrane

MUSHROOM -
Structures found in the brain of insects, invertebrates and ringed worms

MYELINOID - 
Local myelin out-foldings (myelinosomes), often the result of early myelin damage

MYELOID - Lamellar regions of the endoplasmic reticulum associated with phospholipidosis and drug-induced renal disease


NANOBODY - Antibodies derived from immunoglobulins of Camelidae that are able to bind tumour antigens


NASAL SWELL - Part of nasal septum important in regulating air flow

NEGRI - Rabies

NEILL-MOOSER - Endemic typhus fever

NEMALINE - Nemaline or rod body myopathy
​
NEUROPEITHELIAL - Collection of pulmonary endocrine cells

NISSL -
Cytoplasmic granules of nerve cells

NUCLEAR - 
D
iscrete substructures found in eukaryotic nuclei 

NUCLEAR STRESS - See NUCLEAR body

NUCLEOLAR ACCESSORY - See CAJAL body


ODLAND - Found in keratinocytes and associated with lipid storage

OKEN - Mesonephron or a primitive kidney of the embryo

OLIVARY - Located in the medulla oblongata of the brain

ORBITAL FAT - Fat contained in the orbit that contributes to support of the eyeball


ORPHAN - See NUCLEAR body

ORYZOID - See RICE body

OVAL FAT - Found in the urine of patients with renal glomerular disease and nephrotic syndrome

OWL’S EYE - Cytomegalovirus infection, Hodgkin's lymphoma

P - See PROCESSING body

PACCHIONIAN - Arachnoid villi on the dura mater of the brain

PACINI - See VATER-PACINI body

PALE - Parkinson’s disease

PAMPINIFORM - Tissue homologous with the male epididymis in the broad ligament of the uterus

PAPILLARY MESENCHYMAL - Trichoepithelioma

PAPPENHEIMER - Anaemia

PAPP-LANTOS - Multiple system atrophy (MSA), a neurological disorder

PARA AORTIC - See ZUCKERKANDL body

PARABASAL - Cytoplasmic body found in certain protozoa

PARAMURAL - Membranous structures of plant cells found between the cell wall and plasma membrane

PARANEPHRIC - Collection of adipose tissue located superficial to the renal fascia

PARANUCLEAR BLUE - Found in small cell carcinomas


PARAPHYSIAL - A median organ that develops from the diencephalon in the brain of vertebrates

PARARENAL - See PARANEPHRIC body

PARATERMINAL - Slender, vertical whitish band near the anterior commissure of the brain

PARIETAL - Eyelike structure on the dorsal aspect of the head in lower vertebrates

PASCHEN - Vaccinia and variola (smallpox)


PcG (POLYCOMB) - See NUCLEAR body

PERINEAL - Fibromuscular mass between the urogenital and anal triangle

PERTINAX - Found in the nail plate

PHEOCHROME - See CHROMAFFIN body

PICK - Niemann-Pick disease

PINEAL - Conical structure found in the brain

PITUITARY - Another name for the pituitary gland

PLATELET DENSE - See DENSE body


PML (PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA) - See NUCLEAR body

POLAR - Found during the maturation of ova

POLYCOMB (PcG) - See NUCLEAR body

POLYGLUCOSAN - See AMYLOID body

POSTBRANCHIAL - See ULTIMOBRANCHIAL body
 

POULSEN-CHRISTOFFERSEN - Damaged bile ducts in viral hepatitis


PROCESSING - Cytoplasmic structures (P bodies) that have a role in the decay of mRNA

PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA (PML) - See NUCLEAR body

PROTOCORM-LIKE - Small swollen tubers that have the ability to produce shoots in vitro

PROWAZEK - Vaccinia and variola (smallpox)

PSAMMOMA - Papillary carcinomas

PSEUDOASBESTOS -
Ferroprotein bodies in the lung other than asbestos (such as coal and silica)

PSEUDOPSAMMOMA - 
Meningiomas


PULMONARY BLUE - See BLUE body

PUSTULO-OVOID - Granular cell tumours

QUADRIGEMINAL - Reflex centre of the midbrain

RASPBERRY - Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary

REDUCING - Reducing body myopathy


REGNAUD - Residual mass found during spermiogenesis
​
REILLY - See ALDER-REILLY body

REINKE - 
Rod-like crystals found in Leydig cell tumours of the testes

RENAUT - Connective tissue structure found in nerve fibres

RESIDUAL - Lipofuchsin - undigested material of lysosomes

RESTIFORM - Part of the inferior cerebellar peduncle (also see JUXTARESTIFORM body)

RETICULATE - Intracytoplasmic form of Chlamydia (also see ELEMENTARY body)

RETZIUS - Pigmented mass in the acoustic papillae of the ear

RICE - Rheumatoid arthritis

ROD -
See NEMALINE body

RODLET
- 
Found in 
normal and neoplastic neuronal disease

ROKITANSKY - Teratoma

ROSS - Treponema pallidum (syphilis)

RUSHTON - Odontogenic lesions

RUSSELL - Multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma, chronic inflammation

RUSSELL-KRUKENBERG - See RUSSELL body



SAM 68 - See NUCLEAR body

SAND - See PSAMMOMA body

SANDSTORM - Alternative name for the parathyroid glands

SCHAUMANN - Granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis

SCHILLER-DUVAL - Teratoma, yolk sac tumour

SCLEROTIC - Chromoblastomycosis, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)

SELENOID - See CRESCENT body

SEMILUNAR -
See CRESCENT Body

SHOCK - 
Found in liver and kidney as a result of shock processes such as skin burns and brain trauma


SIMCHOWICZ - Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease

SNAPPER-SCHNEID - Myeloma


SODERSTROM - See LYMPHOGLANDULAR body

SPIRONOLACTONE - Found in the adrenal after long term use of spironolactone

SPONGY - Spongy mass of tissue surrounding the male urethra within the penis

STIEDA - Ultrastructural organelle at the polar region of the sporocyst of coccidia

STRIATE - Striped mass of white and grey matter in front of the thalamus

SUPRACARDIAL - See AORTIC body

SYMINGTON - See ANOCOCCYGEAL body

TACTILE CORPUSCLE-LIKE - See TACTOID body

TACTOID - 
Tactile corpuscle-like bodies that stimulate mechanoreceptors of the peripheral nervous system

TARGETOID - A body or structure having the appearance of a target


TELOBRANCHIAL - See ULTIMOBRANCHIAL body

THYMUS - See HASSALL body

THYROID - The glandula thyroidea or thyroid gland

TIGROID - See NISSL body

TINGIBLE - Reactive lymphadenopathy

TINGIBLE-KORPER - See FLEMMING body

TODD - Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in red blood cells of amphibians

TORRES - Yellow fever

TORRES-TEIXEIRA - Smallpox and measles

TOTO - Epulis fissuratum (gingival hyperplasia)

TRACHOMA - See HALBERSTAEDTER-VON PROWAZEK body

TROUSSEAU-LALLEMAND - See LALLEMAND body

TYGESON - Pneumonia

TYMPANIC - Ovoid body in the jugular vein


U - 
C
ytoplasmic structures containing uridine-rich ribonucleoproteins 

ULTIMOBRANCHIAL - Organ found in the neck of animals. Gives rise to the 'C' cells of the thyroid in humans

UNCLE - Antibodies to human antibodies

UNNA - See RUSSELL body

UTERINE - The upper, wider part of the uterus

VATER - See VATER-PACINI body

VATER-PACINI - Lamellated bodies (pacinian corpuscles) of the skin sensitive to vibration and pressure

VERMIFORM - Structures found on the Kupffer cells of the liver

VEROCAY - Schwannoma

VERTEBRAL - Main part of the vertebra to which the discs are attached

VESICLE-LIKE - Broad term describing vesicular structures such as microsomes

VILLELA - Yellow fever

VIRCHOW-HASSALL - See HASSALL body

VITELLINE - See BALBIANI body

VITREOUS - Benson’s disease (asteroid hyalitis)

WAGNER-MEISSNER - Neurofibroma, von Recklinghausen's disease

WARTHIN-FINKELDEY - Measles, AIDS

WEIBEL-PALADE - von Willebrand's disease

WINKLER - Treponema pallidum (syphilis)

WOLFFIAN - See OKEN body

​WORONIN - Circular bodies found in filamentous fungi


YELLOW - Adenomas of the thyroid 

YELLOW-BROWN - See HAMAZAKI-WESENBERG body

ZEBRA - Metachromatic leucodystrophy, Niemann-Pick disease

ZELLBALLEN - 
Ball clusters of tumour cells found in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas

ZUCKERKANDL - Chromaffin mass of the abdominal aorta


Website last reviewed 10th March 2023
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